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  1. Evidence
  2. The Use and Abuse of Evidence

The Use and Abuse of Evidence

Narrative Synthesis

Terraforming,
Narrative synthesis
Female candidates
Freud

The Shakespeare Authorship Question has been popular enough at various times throughout its 150-year existence. Confrontation may have reached an all-time low between university academics and the group of enthusiasts styling themselves “Doubters” or “independent scholars” but it has recently been back in the headlines trawling the idea that Shakespeare might have been a woman.

Terraforming new Artistic Worlds

In the early twentieth century, when Freud was still popular, some attention-seeking Shakespeare fans would diagnose Freudian complaints in Shakespeare’s characters, the most famous being Hamlet’s Oedipus Complex.1 The notion supporting this maintained that Shakespeare was such a narrow, detailed observer of humanity that any modern behavioural diagnosis might be observable in the canon, hundreds of years before being identified by psychologists.

Freud has faded although the idea that Shakespeare offers us a complete encyclopedia of humanity has not. Exploring today’s gender issues based on the strength of the canon’s female characters is a promising new field of study. Characteristically for authorship ideas, however, replacing Shakespeare with a female author is neither wide, nor is it new. When Oxfraud launched we looked at 10 female candidates for the crown. However, as with every other category of contender, evidence for female authorship is not just scarce, it has to be created out of thin air.

Scholarship exists to turn on lights. Here there is no electricity supply

A well-worn, two-stage process exists to get any alternative candidate’s claims underway. Tangible evidence pointing at Shakespeare has to be evaded, removed or explained away. Then circumstantial evidence (tangible evidence being unavailable) has to be created, polished and sold hard. This is the work of narrative synthesis. Fuelled by the necessity of invention–the opposite of research–enthusiasts terraform a new version of the world of early theatre in which they can cast their candidate in the leading role.

This is the the heart of the Authorship Question. It’s binary. If you pick up the cudgels, you are in a fight that deals with fact or fancy, one or the other. Scholarship, whether historical, theatrical or statistical, is a polyvalent non-combatant. Scholarship exists to turn on lights. Here there is no electricity supply. On the occasions when it has entered, always unwelcome, it has been be abused, misquoted or ignored.

Articles in this Section


William Basse’s eulogy, one of 35 handwritten survivors. It may be possibly the largest number of surviving handwritten copies of any poem from the period.

William Basse

William Basse was a poet and a member of the servant class who first comes to the attention of historians and students of language in 1602.

Glove puppet—early Bankside theatrical entertainment

Why is there a ‘debate’?

The most powerful myth in The Flat Shakespeare Society is that Stratford upon Avon was a bookless backwater far from London, and that Will grew up impoverished and…

Diana Price’s technique of evading the implications of tangible evidence puzzles all serious Shakespeare students and would surely have astonished the man himself. “So if I were to reveal to you now that Christopher Marlowe got me started by writing half of Henry VI and gave me the idea for Othello, nobody could use it as evidence as he’s dead? Is that what you’re saying? Are you sure he IS dead?”

The Unorthodox Logic of Diana Price
Despite the subtitle, “new evidence” is in scant supply in Shakespeare’s Unorthodox Biography. The reader will find no new facts or documents; none, at least, with any…

Shakespeare at the Globe

Spurious Correlation

In the pursuit of a candidate’s pretensions to a body of work on which they have no claim, narrative synthesis by itself will not be enough.

The Folger Shakespeare Library

Lifetime references
If you have only recently fallen into argument with Shakespeare Doubters, this page might look like forbidden knowledge. Doubters insist there is no lifetime reference to…

In 1613 Leonard Digges penned a note onto the fly-leaf of a copy of the third edition of Rimas de Lope de Vega Carpio, printed in Madrid the same year; the inscribed copy survives in the library of Balliol College, Oxford. Digges commends the sonnets of Lope de Vega by comparing the Spanish poet to “our Will Shakespeare,” whose sonnets were published four years earlier in 1609. Indeed, Digges elevates Shakespeare to the status of England’s national poet.

Leonard Digges

After reading this in conjunction with his first eulogy, it is impossible to dismiss its testimony as identifying anyone other than William Shakespeare as the author of the…

Droeshout
The engraving is the coalface of the authorship issue, the point at which tangible, physical evidence can only be rejected by abstract fantasy. There is nothing suspicious…

Shakespeare at the Globe

Beyond Belief

General admiration of Shakespeare’s work and scholarly scrutiny have not always been in step nor did they grow in a synchronised fashion.

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Footnotes

  1. Ernest Jones, “The American Journal of Psychology/Volume 21/The Œdipus-complex as an Explanation of Hamlet’s Mystery: A Study in Motive - Wikisource, the free online library,” The American Journal of Psychology, no. 21, January 1910, pp. 72–113.↩︎

Brief History
Spurious Correlation